Brain Concussions
Sports Treatment for High School Athletes
By Lindsay Barton
In an article in the special issue of the Journal of Athletic Training devoted to concussions in athletes, Christopher Randolph, Ph.D., of Loyola University Medical Center and the Chicago Neurological Institute, proposes a model for managing brain concussions in high school athletes.
Recognizing that obtaining baseline neuropsychological testing is probably unrealistic from a practical standpoint - at least until well-validated computerized tests become available - and that the need to obtain baseline scores on the Standardized Assessment Of Concussions (SAC)- advocated by other experts - was also debatable, Dr. Randolph proposes
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instead relying on a sideline evaluation of the athlete using the SAC to determine impairment (which he conservatively sets as a score of 25 or less out of a possible 30), which will determine whether the athlete can be allowed to return to an ongoing game as well as follow-up management:
Players with no concussion history: consider obtaining SAC preseason baselines; if not obtained, set SAC cutoff for impairment at conservative (25 or below) level
Grade 1: Transient confusion, no loss of consciousness (LOC), all symptoms and cognitive abnormalities as measured by the SAC resolve within 15 minutes
Clinical evaluation, including SAC
If player has no symptoms and performs in normal range within 15 minutes, he or she may be cleared to return to play
Multiple grade 1 concussions, however, require removal from the game
Multiple grade 1 concussions suggest an increased risk of concussion
In these cases, when player is several weeks post-concussion, consider obtaining baseline neuropsychological testing for future concussion management
Players with a history of multiple grade 1 or any grade 2 or 3 concussions should undergo baseline neuropsychological testing
Grade 2: Transient confusion, no LOC, symptoms and/or cognitive abnormalities as measured by the SAC fail to resolve within 15 minutes
Clinical evaluation, including SAC
By definition, for this stage of concussion, player is symptomatic and/or performance has remained below normal for more than 15 minutes
Remove from the game and monitor frequently for signs of evolving intracranial pathology
Formal neurological evaluation the next day if post-concussive symptoms persist
If baseline testing exists, repeat the testing once the player becomes neurologically asymptomatic
Player should be symptom free (including lack of identified neuropsychological impairments) for 1 week before return to play after a single Grade 2 concussion, 2 weeks after multiple Grade 2 concussions.
Once player is several weeks post-concussion, obtain baseline neurocognitive testing for future concussion management
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